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Ingrid Bergman ((:ˈɪŋːrɪd ˈbærjman); 29 August 191529 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films.〔Obituary ''Variety'', 1 September 1982.〕 She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in ''Casablanca'' (1942), and as Alicia Huberman in ''Notorious'' (1946), an Alfred Hitchcock thriller starring Cary Grant. Before becoming a star in American films, Bergman had been a leading actress in Swedish films. Her introduction to American audiences came with her starring role in the English-language remake of ''Intermezzo'' (1939). At her insistence, producer David O. Selznick agreed not to sign her to a contract – for four films rather than the then-standard seven-year period, also at her insistence – until after ''Intermezzo'' had been released. Selznick's financial problems meant that Bergman was often loaned to other studios. Apart from ''Casablanca'', her performances from this period include Victor Fleming's remake of ''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'' (1941), ''For Whom the Bell Tolls'' (1943), ''Gaslight'' (1944), and ''The Bells of St. Mary's'' (1945). Her last films for Selznick were Alfred Hitchcock's ''Spellbound'' (1945) and ''Notorious'' (1946). Her final film for Hitchcock was ''Under Capricorn'' (1949). After a decade in American films, she starred in Roberto Rossellini's ''Stromboli'' (1950), following the revelation that she was having an extramarital affair with the director. The affair and then marriage with Rossellini created a scandal in the US that forced her to remain in Europe for several years, when she made a successful Hollywood return in ''Anastasia'' (1956), for which she won her second Academy Award. Many of her personal and film documents can be seen in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives.〔(Bergman archive ), Wesleyan University〕 According to the ''St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture'', Bergman quickly became "the ideal of American womanhood" and a contender for Hollywood's greatest leading actress.〔''St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture'', St. James Press, Gale Publishing (2000)〕 In the United States, she is considered to have brought a "Nordic freshness and vitality" to the screen, along with exceptional beauty and intelligence; David O. Selznick once called her "the most completely conscientious actress" he had ever worked with. In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman the as the fourth-greatest female actress of classic American cinema. ==Early years: 1915–38== Bergman, named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden, was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Bergman, and his German wife, Frieda (née Adler) Bergman. When she was two years of age, her mother died. Her father, who was an artist and photographer, died when she was 13. In the years before he died, he wanted her to become an opera star, and had her take voice lessons for three years. But she always "knew from the beginning that she wanted to be an actress," sometimes wearing her mother's clothes and staging plays in her father's empty studio. Her father documented all her birthdays with a borrowed camera.〔 After his death, she was sent to live with an aunt, who died of heart disease only six months later. She then moved in with her Aunt Hulda and Uncle Otto, who had five children. Another aunt she visited, Elsa Adler, first told Ingrid, when she was 11, that her mother may have had "some Jewish blood," and that her father was aware of that fact long before they married. But her aunt also cautioned her about telling others about her possible ancestry as "there might be some difficult times coming".〔 As a result, she received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, where Greta Garbo had some years earlier earned a similar scholarship. After several months she was given a part in a new play, ''Ett Brott'' (''A Crime''), written by Sigfrid Siwertz. Chandler notes that this was "totally against procedure" at the school, where girls were expected to complete three years of study before getting such acting roles.〔 During her first summer break, she was also hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre was a small part in 1935's ''Munkbrogreven'' (although she had previously been an extra in the 1932 film ''Landskamp''). She went on to act in a dozen films in Sweden, including ''En kvinnas ansikte,'' which was later remade as ''A Woman's Face'' with Joan Crawford, and one film in Germany, ''Die vier Gesellen'' (''The Four Companions'') (1938).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ingrid Bergman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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